In mobile communication, we have seen various fast evolutions from first generation (1G) to fourth generation (4G) with significant updates in their performance. Similarly, at present, fifth-generation (5G) technology is developed after...
A radio pioneer named “Guglielmo Marconi” invented a monopole antenna in 1895 and patented the year 1896 during his first historical experiments in radio communication. So this antenna is also known as the Marconi antenna. This is half...
Wideband systems are the best solution in various Electromagnetic applications like multi‐standard high‐resolution radars, signal detectors & communications. For wideband systems, a bow‐tie antenna has been identified as the best...
Multiplexing is a technique used to transmit multiple signals analog or digital over a communications link like a radio wave or fiber optic cable into a single composite signal. Once this composite signal reaches its destination, then it...
An antenna is a metallic transmission device that transmits and receives radio electromagnetic waves in between the electric circuit & space. These devices are available in different sizes and shapes where the small antennas can be...
A medium can carry only a single signal at any second in time. To transmit multiple signals to transmit a medium, the medium has to be separated by providing every signal a segment of the whole bandwidth. This can be possible by using a...
The multiplexing technique was developed in 1870, however in the late 20th century; it became much more applicable for digital telecommunications. In telecommunications, the Multiplexing technique is used to combine and send multiple...
Pulse modulation (PM) is one type of modulation where the signal is transmitted in the pulse form. In this type of modulation, continuous signals are sampled at normal intervals, so this modulation technique is used to transmit analog information....
Antennas with High-gain are necessary for long-distance radio communications, radio astronomy, high-resolution radars, etc. So, the most frequently used high-gain antennas are Reflector antennas because they can easily attain above 30 dB...
An antenna is a specialized device that can radiate some amount of energy within a particular direction for better output transmission. For more efficient output, a few more antenna elements are added to it which are known as Antenna arrays....